Radial joint and process for manufacturing such a radial joint for a motor vehicle

ABSTRACT

A radial joint is provided for a motor vehicle with a metallic housing ( 1 ), through the opening ( 2 ) on one side of which a ball pivot ( 3 ) can be inserted into an interior space ( 4 ) of the housing ( 1 ). The joint ball ( 5 ) of the ball pivot ( 3 ) is mounted pivotably and rotatably in a bearing area of the interior space ( 4 ), and a pivot section ( 6 ) of the ball pivot ( 3 ), which section is connected to the joint ball ( 5 ), protrudes from the housing ( 1 ) through opening ( 2 ) of housing ( 1 ). The housing ( 1 ) has, in the area of its opening ( 2 ), a section ( 7 ), which is prepared by machining and which is deformed by a cold forming process. Furthermore, a process for manufacturing a radial joint is provided that includes the steps: manufacturing of the housing blank, machining of section ( 7 ) close to the opening ( 2 ) of housing ( 1 ), inserting the joint ball ( 5 ) of ball pivot ( 3 ) into the interior space ( 4 ) of housing ( 1 ), cold forming of the opening-side edge section of housing ( 1 ) until a metallic overlap ( 13 ), which guarantees a sufficient extraction strength for the joint to be manufactured and thus makes possible a positive-locking connection between the components contacting each other, is attained between the joint ball ( 5 ) and housing ( 1 ).

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a United States National Phase application ofInternational Application PCT/DE 2007/000443 and claims the benefit ofpriority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of German Patent Application DE 10 2006016 060.6 filed Apr. 4, 2006, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention pertains to a radial joint for a motor vehicle aswell as to a process for manufacturing such a radial joint.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A distinction is made among ball and socket joints between axial jointsand radial joints. This distinction depends on the particular directionof action of the forces acting on the ball pivot. The position of thenon-deflected ball pivot is used as a reference for this definition ofthe different ball and socket joints. Accordingly, the principal load onan axial joint is in the direction of the central longitudinal axis ofthe ball pivot, whereas the principal load in a radial joint acts atright angles to the central longitudinal axis of the ball pivot. Thus,these types of joints differ fundamentally from one another regardingthe loads acting on them and hence also regarding the design. Inparticular, the design of the housing and the material that can be usedfor the housing are different.

Thus, one peculiarity of axial joints is that the ball pivot with itsjoint ball is mounted in the housing such that it cannot be separatedfrom the housing during loading along its central longitudinal axis,i.e., in the axial direction. This so-called extraction force of theaxial joint is a decisive variable and an essential quality criterion ofan axial joint.

In radial joints, the ball pivot is loaded by forces that act on sameradially in relation to its central longitudinal axis. As a consequenceof this, the extraction force of the ball pivot is lower than in axialjoints, which has a decisive effect on the design of the housing.

Regardless of the type of construction of the ball and socket joint inquestion, considerable efforts are made to make it possible tomanufacture these joints at a low cost. Complicated machining operationsare to be avoided on the joint to be manufactured as much as possible.

An axial joint as well as a process for mounting such an axial joint aredescribed for this reason in DE 197 55 020 A1. The axial joint comprisesa one-piece metallic housing, which is open on one side and through theopening of which a ball pivot can be inserted into an interior space ofthe housing, the joint ball of the ball pivot being mounted pivotablyand rotatably in a bearing area of the interior space. A pivot sectionof the ball pivot, which section is connected to the joint ball,protrudes from the housing through the opening of the housing. The ballpivot is fixed within the housing by cold forming the edge area of theopening of the housing in the ball pivot. A bearing shell, which ispreferably manufactured from a plastic-metal composite, is arrangedbetween the joint ball of the ball pivot and the interior space of thehousing. The bearing shell, which has a regular cylindrical openingcross section for inserting the joint ball before the deformation of theedge area, is also deformed by the deformation of the edge area of theopening of the housing such that this opening-side edge area of thebearing shell comes into contact with the joint ball. As a consequenceof the simple design of the housing, it is possible to manufacture thehousing for this axial joint as a whole by a cold forming process. Thisaxial joint can be produced very cost-effectively as a result.

Moreover, a radial joint, which is manufactured as a whole by a coldforming process, is known from DE 195 36 035 A1. However, this radialjoint has a housing that is open on both sides, so that machining of thecontact area of the cover is necessary. In addition, the radial jointhas a straight shaft of a very simple shape. However, if, for example,the housing has a shaft with a bend or if other geometric shapes of thehousing are necessary, the cold forming process will soon reach itslimits. Moreover, the cold forming process requires a relatively softmaterial, and, for example, a steel material of low strength, such asC45, is therefore used in order to manufacture a housing out of it. Thislow strength of the housing material must be compensated by designmeasures. However, this means an increased use of material andconsequently also increased weight of such joints.

A cold forming process cannot be used for radial joints if these have ahighly complicated housing geometry and, because of the installationconditions in the motor vehicle, a shaft with great radii of curvature.For this reason, such radial joints have hitherto been manufactured bymeans of a hot forming process and are subsequently to be processed bymachining at a great effort in order to produce, for example, theinterior space for inserting the ball pivot and to prepare theconnection area for fastening the cover, which is needed to close thehousing, or to prepare a groove for accommodating a sealing bellows edgeat the joint housing. Considerable costs arise, which make themanufacturing process needlessly expensive, due to the fact that aplurality of machining operations and, moreover, a plurality of chuckingoperations in the machining unit are necessary for finishing a housingblank prepared by a hot forming process for a radial joint. Thisessential drawback for the hot forming process was already described inDE 195 36 035 A1. Steels such as 30MnSiV6, which have a substantiallyhigher strength (approx. 950 N/mm2) compared to the material C45mentioned before, can be considered for use as materials for radialjoint housings that are manufactured by means of a hot forming process.

Since radial joints used hitherto, such as those disclosed in DE 195 36035 A1 as well, usually have a housing that is open on both sides, theside of the housing located opposite the opening must be subsequentlyclosed with a cover. For example, mechanical damage to the cover areaduring the use of such a radial joint may cause corrosive media, such asbrines, to produce rusting in the area of the cover during operation ofthe motor vehicle in the winter. However, this may cause leakage andhence failure of the radial joint. Therefore, even though housings openon both sides have hitherto been necessary in radial joints, they dohave drawbacks. This is compounded by the circumstance that themachining of the cover support surface and the machining of the openingarranged opposite for inserting the ball pivot as well as of the area inwhich the edge of the sealing bellows is to come into contact with thehousing require a plurality of consecutive chucking operations formachining the radial joint housing. This time-consuming rechucking ofthe workpiece is likewise associated with corresponding manufacturingcosts, which are not desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The basic object of the present invention is to provide a radial jointas well as a process for manufacturing such a radial joint, which has asimple design and therefore can be manufactured at a low cost.

A radial joint for a motor vehicle with a one-piece metallic housing,through the opening on one side of which a ball pivot can be insertedinto an interior space of the housing, wherein the joint ball of theball pivot is mounted pivotably and rotatably in a bearing area of theinterior space and a pivot section of the ball pivot, which said pivotsection is connected to the joint ball, protrudes from the housingthrough the opening of the housing, is perfected according to thepresent invention such that in the area of its opening, the housing hasa section, which is prepared by machining and which can be deformed by acold forming process.

An essential aspect of the present invention is that the housing hasonly one section in the area of the opening of the housing whose crosssection is changed once by machining such that a subsequent cold formingoperation can be carried out on this section to finish the housing.

The radial joint can thus be manufactured in a very simple manner and ata very low cost. The machining of the outer section of the joint housingin a radial joint according to the present invention likewise makes itpossible to arrange the edge area of a sealing bellows sealing theradial joint without an additional operation being necessary for this.The processing of the radial joint housing according to the presentinvention as a whole can thus be carried out by only one machiningoperation. A complicated and expensive rechucking of the workpiece is nolonger necessary. The cover, which was previously necessary, can beeliminated, as a result of which it was possible to eliminate the needfor at least one additional component.

The radial joints according to the present invention are suitable foruse in the area of the wheel suspension of motor vehicles. However, useas a radial joint for a track rod is preferred.

Furthermore, a radial joint, which has a simple design and can thereforebe manufactured and mounted at a low cost, is made available with afirst variant of the present invention. One essential advantage of thisradial joint is that the housing as a whole can be manufactured by a hotforming process. Thus, not even complicated housing geometries are aproblem any longer.

In addition, another advantage of the present invention is that as aconsequence of the hot forming process, the housing has a high strength,which results from the material used, which has a higher strength, onthe one hand, and from the process itself, on the other hand, becausethe structure of the steel undergoes changes during the processing ofthe material. This is turn causes that the housing can be designed, forexample, with smaller cross sections compared to radial joints knownhitherto.

Due to the higher strength of the material of the housing of the radialjoint, comparably strong extraction forces can be attained for the ballpivot with a substantially smaller metallic overlap than in jointdesigns according to the state of the art. The metallic overlap betweenthe external diameter of the joint ball and the internal diameter of theopening of the housing is an indicator of the extraction force that canbe attained for the ball pivot.

Corresponding to one embodiment of the present invention, the hotforming process may be a forging process. Radial joint housings of anycross section and any design can be manufactured by this forgingprocess, i.e., even complicated geometries can be obtained thereby.

To close the housing, the section in the edge area of the opening of thehousing, whose cross section was reduced once by a machining operation,is deformed by cold forming. The section has a regular cylindrical crosssection prior to its deformation.

Following the deformation, an opening is left in the housing, throughwhich the ball pivot protrudes from the housing. This opening has acircular ring-shaped cross section. Maximum deflection angles can thusbe attained with such a radial joint in each direction of deflection ofthe ball pivot, i.e., the ball pivot can be pivoted about the center ofthe joint ball as desired. Consequently, the pivoting range of the ballpivot is maximized in a radial joint according to the present invention.

In addition, the shape of the opening after the deformation may alsohave an oval geometry, so that different deflection angles can beobtained in different directions of angling of the ball pivot. The ovalgeometry can be obtained, for example, by providing materialaccumulations, which will make possible a non-round cross section of theopening already on the housing blank in the area of the housing openingafter the deformation.

To guarantee a sufficient extraction force, i.e., a sufficient securingof the ball pivot within the deformed housing, the diameter of the jointball is larger after the mounting of the joint than the diameter of theremaining opening of the housing. The metallic overlap between theexternal diameter of the joint ball and the internal diameter of theopening of the housing is an indicator of the extraction force of theball pivot that can be attained.

In addition, it is highly advantageous if a radial joint according tothe present invention has a bearing shell, which accommodates the jointball and in which said joint ball is mounted movably, in the interiorspace of the housing. The properties of the radial joint can bedecisively affected by means of such a bearing shell. For example,vibration damping can be achieved with it. Corresponding to oneembodiment of the present invention, the bearing shell may consist ofvarious materials. The selection of the suitable material depends on theintended property of the mounting of the ball pivot. For example, thebearing shell may consist of a plastic, a plastic composite, amulticomponent material or at least partly also of a plastic-metalcomposite.

Depending on the geometry of the joint and the parameters to beobtained, it is, moreover, meaningful if the bearing shell has a supportflange, which is supported on a flange, which is present in the interiorspace of the housing and corresponds to the support flange. The bearingforces acting via the housing or the pivot can thus be optimallysupported. The properties of the radial joint according to the presentinvention can thus be optimized.

As was stated above, a housing according to the present invention, whichwas manufactured by a hot forming process for a radial joint, may alsohave complicated geometries. A shaft is often made integrally in onepiece with such a housing. This shaft may also have, according to oneembodiment of the present invention, a bend or a plurality of bends. Abend is defined as a shape deviating from the straight centrallongitudinal axis of the shaft. It is, moreover, also significant forthe manufacturing technology if the housing and the shaft aremanufactured together by means of a hot forming process, for example, aforging process. The manufacturing costs for a housing of a radial jointaccording to the present invention thus decrease considerably.

However, it may also be meaningful, for creating, for example, a modularsystem, to manufacture the shaft and the housing separately. These willthen be attached to one another, for example, by means of a connectionin substance. A system of uniform, standardized components, which can becombined with one another according to the requirements imposed on theradial joint, can thus be created. The manufacturing costs can bereduced substantially by such a measure as well.

Corresponding to one embodiment of the present invention, a coldextrusion process is preferably used for the cold forming process.Corresponding production plants are available for this.

The process according to the present invention for manufacturing aradial joint of the above-described design has the following processsteps:

Manufacture of the housing blank,

machining of the section close to the opening of the housing,

insertion of the joint ball of the ball pivot into the interior space ofthe housing, and

cold forming of the opening-side section of the housing until a metallicoverlap,

which guarantees a sufficient extraction strength for the joint to beproduced and a positive-locking connection is ensured between thecomponents contacting one another, develops between the joint ball andthe housing.

The radial joint can be manufactured in only a few process steps bymeans of the process described for manufacturing a radial joint. It isessential now that a controlled metallic overlap can be prepared toachieve a predefined extraction strength and reliable positive-lockingconnection of the components contacting each other can be achieved. Thequality of the radial joint manufactured by means of such a process isdecisively improved compared to prior-art embodiments known from thestate of the art. The cost reductions already mentioned areconsiderable.

To achieve the metallic overlap indicated, the diameter of the jointball after mounting the joint should be larger than the remainingopening of the housing. This quality criterion, which can be checked ina simple manner, can be measured during the production process. Thedeformation of the housing is carried out with periodic or permanentforce and/or pressure measurement during the manufacture of the radialjoint according to the present invention. The parameters of the radialjoint according to the present invention can be set exactly andguaranteed permanently by this periodic or permanent force and/orpressure measurement. Low moments of friction are thus obtained betweenthe components movable relative to one another.

This can also be achieved by another embodiment of the processdescribed, according to which embodiment the housing is closed duringperiodic or permanent measurement of the torque necessary for deflectingand/or rotating the ball pivot. The friction values of the radial jointafter its completion are thus set optimally, so that the necessaryquality criteria can be met with such a process for a radial joint andcan also be demonstrated in case of doubt. This possibility ofdemonstration is an increasing requirement of the users of such radialjoints. The radial joints of the design in question here are safetycomponents in a motor vehicle, and the above-described quality controlis therefore of crucial significance. Therefore, it is also notirrelevant that the radial joint according to the aforementioned processsteps can be closed in a controllable manner.

Corresponding to a variant of the described process according to thepresent invention, the joint ball can be inserted together with thebearing shell accommodating same into the interior space of the housing.The deformation of the opening-side section of the housing is associatedin this case with the deformation of the opening-side section of thebearing shell. The opening-side area of the bearing shell has apredominantly regular cylindrical geometry before its deformation. Itcan thus be achieved that the bearing shell is optimally in contact withthe surface of the joint ball before the housing is closed. If thisprocedure is combined with the above-mentioned measuring method, aradial joint manufactured in this manner is optimized in respect to bothits tolerances and the mobility of the components and meets the highestcomfort requirements, even though it was manufactured by a simplemanufacture at a low cost.

The various features of novelty which characterize the invention arepointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming apart of this disclosure. The present invention will be explained in moredetail below on the basis of the drawings attached. The exemplaryembodiment shown does not, however, represent any limitation to thevariant shown, but is used only to explain a principle of the presentinvention. Identical or very similar components are designated by thesame reference numbers. To illustrate the mode of action according tothe present invention, only highly simplified schematic views are,moreover, shown in the figures, in which the components not essential tothe present invention are not shown. However, this does not mean thatsuch components are not present in a solution according to the presentinvention. For a better understanding of the invention, its operatingadvantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is madeto the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which preferredembodiments of the invention are illustrated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a detail of the cross section of a radial joint according tothe present invention;

FIG. 2 is a simplified flow chart for manufacturing a radial jointaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a first embodiment variant of ahousing for a radial joint according to the present invention; and

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view showing another embodiment variant of ahousing for a radial joint according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the drawings in particular, the view of a partial crosssection of a radial joint according to the present invention shown inFIG. 1 has a housing 1, which was manufactured in this case as a whole,i.e., together with the shaft 11, by means of a hot forming process. Thehousing was manufactured by a forging process in this case. Thepot-shaped housing is provided with an opening 2 on one side. On theside located opposite the opening 2, the housing is closed. Since noopening is provided in this area, it is unnecessary to insert a cover,which would have to be manufactured and mounted in a complicated manner,on the side located opposite the opening 2. A ball pivot 3 is insertedinto the interior space 4 of the housing through the opening 2 ofhousing 1. A bearing shell 8 made of plastic is present between the wallof the interior space 4 and the joint ball 5. This bearing shell 8,provided with absorbing properties, surrounds the joint ball 5 of theball pivot 3 nearly completely. In the area of opening 2 of the housing1, it likewise has an opening, through which the pivot 6 of the ballpivot 3 protrudes. The opening 2 of the housing 1 determines, moreover,the pivoting range of the ball pivot 3, i.e., the extent of the possibledeflection of the ball pivot 3 about the center of the joint ball 5. Asection 7, which is present on the housing 1 on the outside, was broughtin advance to the necessary dimension by means of machining forpreparation for carrying out the cold forming process. This section 7 ofthe housing 1, which was regular cylindrical before the deformation, isdeformed in the direction of the ball pivot 3 in the course of theprocess in which the housing is produced. The deformation is carried outby means of a cold forming process. A sealing bellows 14, in thehousing-side edge area of which a straining ring 15 is inserted byvulcanization, is arranged on the outside of the housing in the area ofsection 7. The sealing bellows 14, manufactured from an elastomericmaterial, preferably rubber, is directly sealingly in contact with theball pivot 3 with its other end located opposite the straining ring 15in the area of pivot 6.

The ball pivot 3 has, furthermore, a pivot neck 16, which is formedapproximately in the area of opening 2 of the housing. In the lower arealocated opposite the opening 2 of housing 1, the housing has a flange10, which has a slope in relation to the central longitudinal axis ofthe non-deflected ball pivot 3. A support flange 9 of the bearing shell8 is supported on this flange 10 of housing 1.

FIG. 2 shows a flow chart, which shall illustrate the manufacturingprocess for producing a radial joint according to the present inventionin a simplified manner. A housing blank 1 is first manufactured by meansof a forging process. This housing blank 1 has an interior space 4 andan opening 2 and has overmeasures due to tolerances compared to thefinished housing.

In the next step, a section 7 is prepared at the opening-side section ofhousing 1 by a single machining operation. It is possible to also carryout a surface machining of the interior space 4 of the housing 1 withthis machining operation, but this operation is not absolutelynecessary.

The next process step consists of attaching the bearing shell 8, whichhas a regular cylindrical geometry at first on the opening side, on thejoint ball 5 of the ball pivot 3. The assembly unit thus obtained,comprising the ball pivot 3 and the bearing shell 8, is inserted intothe interior space 4 through opening 2 of the housing 1.

The deformation of the edge area 7 of the housing 1 by a cold formingprocess is carried out in the next step. Section 7 of housing 1 is nowmoved in the direction of arrows A and B shown in FIG. 2 towards theball pivot 3. At the same time, deformation of the corresponding,opening-side section of the bearing shell 8 is carried out during thiscold forming process, so that this [bearing shell] will come intocontact with the joint ball 5. This housing closing operation issupported by a measurement of the forces applied to section 7 of housing1, which takes place during the deformation. Furthermore, the torqueneeded to deflect the ball pivot 3 about the center of the joint ball 5is periodically determined. The specified parameters of the joint canthus be adapted very accurately to the requirements imposed on the jointduring the closing of the housing.

In a final operation, opening 2 of housing 1 is closed by a sealingbellows 14, which has a vulcanized straining ring 15 in this case onlyon one side in the area of section 7 of housing 1. The straining ring 15brings about the pressing of the sealing bellows 14 onto the housing 1,so that optimized sealing is ensured here. The opposite end of thesealing bellows 14 is sealingly in contact with the ball pivot 3. As canbe recognized from the view in FIG. 2, shaft 11 of the housing 1 has abend 12. This bend is prepared together with the housing blank by thehot forming process (forging process).

FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment variant for a housing 1 of a radialjoint according to the present invention in a cross section. Shaft 11,which is made in one piece with housing 1, the interior space 4 presentwithin the pot-shaped housing 1 for subsequently accommodating thebearing shell 8 with the ball pivot 3, as well as the opening 2 ofhousing 1 provided for this can be recognized here. On the opening-sideouter surface of housing 1, the housing has a section 7 prepared bymachining, which is suitable for being deformed by cold forming as aconsequence of the machining in order to make thus possible theabove-described closing of the joint.

FIG. 4 shows, moreover, another, very simple embodiment of a housing 1for a radial joint according to the present invention. This is not of aone-part design in this case, but comprises a plurality of individualparts, which can be fitted together in the sense of a modular system.Thus, this housing 1 has a separate shaft 11 with a bend 12. Theconnection between the housing 1 and the shaft 11 is brought about bymeans of a weld seam 17. Just as in the exemplary embodiments describedbefore, housing 1 is equipped with section 7, which was manufactured bymachining, and has an interior space 4 as well as an opening 2 suitablefor inserting the ball pivot 3. Furthermore, this view shows flange 10of housing 1, which flange is used to bring a corresponding supportflange 9 into contact with the bearing shell 8, not shown here.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown anddescribed in detail to illustrate the application of the principles ofthe invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodiedotherwise without departing from such principles.

1-19. (canceled)
 20. A radial joint for a motor vehicle, the radialjoint comprising: a ball pivot with a joint ball; and a one-piecemetallic housing, said metallic housing having an opening on one side,said joint ball of said ball pivot being inserted into an interior spaceof said metallic housing, wherein said joint ball of the ball pivot ismounted pivotably and rotatably in a bearing area of said interior spaceand a pivot section of said ball pivot, which pivot section is connectedto said joint ball, protrudes from said housing through said opening ofsaid housing, in an area of said opening of said housing, said housinghaving a section prepared by machining and deformed by a cold formingprocess.
 21. A radial joint in accordance with claim 20, wherein saidhousing is manufactured by a hot forming process.
 22. A radial joint inaccordance with claim 21, wherein said hot forming process is a forgingprocess.
 23. A radial joint in accordance with claim 20, wherein saidhousing is closed by cold forming said section in the area of saidopening of said housing and is at first regular cylindrical prior tocold forming.
 24. A radial joint in accordance with claim 20, whereinsaid opening of said housing has a circular or oval geometry after itbeing closed.
 25. A radial joint in accordance with claim 20, wherein adiameter of said joint ball is larger, after the mounting of the joint,than said opening of said housing.
 26. A radial joint in accordance withclaim 20, further comprising: a bearing shell inserted into saidinterior space of said housing, said bearing shell accommodating saidjoint ball and mountings said joint ball movably.
 27. A radial joint inaccordance with claim 26, wherein: said bearing shell consists of atleast one of a plastic, a plastic composite, a multicomponent materialor at least partly of a plastic-metal composite.
 28. A radial joint inaccordance with one of the claim 26, wherein: said bearing shell has asupport flange; said housing has a flange in said interior space of saidhousing and corresponding to said support flange, said housing flangesupporting said support flange.
 29. A radial joint in accordance withclaim 20, wherein said housing comprises a shaft.
 30. A radial joint inaccordance with claim 29, wherein said shaft has a bend.
 31. A radialjoint in accordance with claim 29, wherein said housing with said shaftare manufactured together by a hot forming process.
 32. A radial jointin accordance with claim 29, wherein said shaft is welded to remainderof said housing.
 33. A radial joint in accordance with claim 20, whereinsaid cold forming process is a cold extrusion process.
 34. A process formanufacturing a radial joint comprising a ball pivot with a joint balland a one-piece metallic housing, said metallic housing having anopening on one side, said joint ball of said ball pivot being seated inan interior space of said metallic housing, wherein said joint ball ofthe ball pivot is mounted pivotably and rotatably in a bearing area ofsaid interior space and a pivot section of said ball pivot, which pivotsection is connected to said joint ball, protrudes from said housingthrough said opening of said housing, in an area of said opening of saidhousing, the process comprising the steps of: manufacturing a housingblank including said opening on one side; machining a section close tothe opening of housing; inserting said joint ball of said ball pivotinto said interior space of said housing; cold forming an opening-sideedge section of said housing until a metallic overlap is achievedbetween said joint ball and said housing, said metallic overlap beingsized for guaranteeing an extraction strength sufficient for the jointto be produced and to make possible a positive-locking connectionbetween components contacting each other.
 35. A process in accordancewith claim 34, wherein said housing is closed with the formation of saidmetallic overlap while periodically or permanently measuring the forceand/or the pressure being applied.
 36. A process in accordance withclaim 34, wherein said housing is closed with the formation of saidmetallic overlap while periodically or permanently measuring the torquenecessary for deflecting and/or rotating the ball pivot.
 37. A processin accordance with one of the claim 34, wherein the joint ball isinserted, together with a bearing shell accommodating said joint ball,into the interior space of said housing and the deformation of said edgesection of said opening of said housing also brings about a deformationof an opening-side section of the previously predominantly regularcylindrical bearing shell opening.
 38. A process in accordance withclaim 37, wherein said bearing shell comes into contact with a surfaceof said joint ball during a closing of said housing.
 39. A process formanufacturing a radial joint, the process comprising the steps of:providing a ball pivot with a joint ball and a pivot section connectedto said joint ball; providing a bearing shell accommodating said jointball; manufacturing a housing blank to provide a metallic housing with acylindrical interior space with an opening on one side; machining asection close to the opening of said housing; inserting said joint ballwith said bearing shell into said interior space of said housing tomount said ball pivot pivotably and rotatably in a bearing area of saidinterior space and said pivot section of said ball pivot protruding fromsaid housing through said opening of said housing; cold forming anopening-side edge section of said housing until a metallic overlap isachieved between said joint ball and said housing, said metallic overlapbeing sized for guaranteeing an extraction strength sufficient for thejoint to be produced and forming a positive-locking connection betweensaid housing metallic overlap and said bearing shell accommodating saidjoint ball.